Ideas That Work: Strategies to Empower African American Learners by
Matthew Lynch
Because African
American learners thrive on interaction with their peers, teachers
should use a variety of stimuli and encourage students to work
cooperatively in small groups. African American students appreciate oral
communication. Their relational style prefers the arts. Black students
profit from creative and lively settings that encourage higher-order
thinking skills and promote open-ended divergent thinking. In addition,
they excel when learning material through self-expression in visual,
dramatic, and musical arts.
To be effective with the
African American population, teachers should include the creative arts
in interdisciplinary units to teach literature and history. Students
should have frequent opportunities to move around, speak, read aloud,
and participate in hands-on activities. African American students learn
best when they are asked to perform a variety of tasks relevant to their
everyday lives. Teachers can relate the curriculum to personal
experiences and encourage students to deal with social issues from a
fair or unfair viewpoint that are connected to peace, justice, values,
economic equity, and self-esteem.
When teaching
content areas such as science or math, teachers ought to approach these
subjects through the contributions of Africans. Further, they should
offer lessons that provide positive information on the culture and
history of African Americans, so as to build pride in their racial
heritage and cultural self-esteem.
African American
children tend to be motivated by the practical and not the hypothetical.
African American children generally prefer playing with real babies
rather than with dolls, giving directions by pointing out landmarks
rather than by observing street signs, and preparing food by trial and
error rather than by following a recipe. In addition, he observed that
African American children tend to remember faces and not names.
In her book
Other People’s Children, Lisa Delpit suggests the
following practical tips for addressing different learning styles:
--When teaching
writing, have students listen to rap songs in order to develop a rule
base for their creation. Then have students teach the teacher and their
classmates the rules for writing their rap. Transfer this concept to the
rules governing the composition of other genres that will be studied.
--Have students
listen to a variety of oral and written language styles and discuss the
impact of those styles on the message and the likely effect on different
audiences. Then recreate the texts using different language styles
appropriate for different audiences such as a church group, academics,
rap singers, or politicians.
--Have students
interview various personnel officers in actual workplaces about their
attitudes toward different styles in oral and written language. Follow
up with a discussion of the interview results.
--Have students
study and analyze book language. Then have the students translate the
book language into a familiar language style that they are used to.
--Have students
or groups of students create a bi-dialectal dictionary of their own
language form and Standard English.
--Take a bulletin board and divide it in half. On the left side, display
words or phrases from the students’ writing. Label this side “Our
Heritage Language.” On the right side, list translations of the
students’ writing into Standard English. Label this list “Formal
English.”
Having an open mind as
well as understanding and believing that different learning styles exist
will allow educators to implement more diverse teaching styles in their
classrooms, which will ultimately help students from all backgrounds.
Teachers may
occasionally insert some Black English dialect into their discussions
with African American students. Only teachers who have developed a
positive relationship with learners should use this type of
communication; otherwise this form of interaction could be seen as
demeaning. Furthermore, teachers should tell African American students
that although Black English dialect is acceptable in their homes and
neighborhood, it is not accepted in all situations. Even so, when the
teacher uses the learner’s dialect occasionally, the learner may be more
willing to take on tasks he or she might otherwise refuse to do.
Teachers should
not only try to speak to Black students in a familiar way, they should
also know how students interact and respond during class discussions.
After numerous classroom observations, Foster noted that African
American students had a tendency to blurt out comments without raising
their hands more often than White students. As a result, they were
viewed as troublemakers. Regardless of the fact that the students wanted
to enthusiastically participate and did not need to be pushed for
comments, teachers considered the active participation to be a rule
violation rather than an indication of student interest.